Number 411

Sat, 01 Aug 2026 09:44:10 -0700

Math shows why your vote may not count the way you think it does

Mathematicians have shown that completely fair elections are—in a sense—impossible. No electoral system can guarantee both that local votes translate directly into local seats and that total seat distribution matches overall vote shares—not without an indefinitely growing parliament.

Mighty mitochondria: Scientists uncover new role for fighting bacterial infections, including drug-resistant superbugs

Beyond the nucleus, no other organelle in eukaryotic cells captures the public’s imagination quite like mitochondria: They are the engines of cellular energy production; they possess their own DNA, and they are passed from generation to generation from mothers to offspring.

Phycology on A Reading List of Aperiodic Frequency

Number 411